Publications list for: Thurston Lacalli, Prof. Emeritus, University of Saskatchewan
Visiting Prof., University of Victoria, email: lacalli@uvic.ca

I. General papers on the evolution of body plans, brains, and consciousness

Lacalli, T.C., 2022. An evolutionary perspective on chordate brain organization and function: insights from amphioxus, and the problem of sentience. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B377: 20200520.
Lacalli, T.C., 2021. Consciousness as a product of evolution: contents, selector circuits, and trajectories in experience space. Front. Syst. Neurosci. 15: 697129. 
Lacalli, T.C., 2021. Innovation through heterochrony: an amphioxus perspective on telencephalon origin and function. Front. Ecol. Evol. 9: 666722.
Lacalli, T.C., 2020. Evolving consciousness: insights from Turing, and the shaping of experience. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 14: 598561.
Lacalli, T.C., 2018. Amphixous neurocircuits, enhanced arousal, and the origin of vertebrate consciousness. Cons. Cogn. 62: 127-134.
Lacalli, T.C., 2018. Amphioxus, motion detection, and the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate retinotectal map. EvoDevo 9: 6.  
Lacalli, T.C., 2017.  Interpreting amphioxus, with thoughts on ancestral chordate mouths and brains. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 61: 649-654.
Lacalli, T.C., 2016.  Perspective – the origin of vertebrate neural organization.  In:  Structure and Evolution of Invertebrate Nervous Systems, (A. Schmidt-Rhaesa, S. Harzsch & G. Purschke, eds.). Oxford, OUP, pp. 729-734.
Lacalli, T.C., 2014.  Echinoderm conundrums: Hox genes, heterochrony, and an excess of mouths.  EvoDevo 5: 46.
Lacalli, T.C., 2012.  The Middle Cambrian fossil Pikaia and the evolution of chordate swimming.  EvoDevo 3: 12.
Lacalli, T.C., 2010.  The emergence of the chordate body plan: some puzzles and problems.  Acta Zool. 91: 4-10.
Lacalli, T.C., 2008.  Head organization and the head/trunk relationship in protochordates: problems and prospects.  Integr. Comp. Biol. 48: 620-629. 
Lacalli, T.C., 2005.  Protochordate body plan and the evolutionary role of larvae: old controversies resolved? Can. J. Zool. 83: 216-224. 
Lacalli, T.C., 2005.  Light on ancient photoreceptors.  Nature (News & Views) 432: 454-455.
Lacalli, T.C., 2003.  Body plans and simple brains.  Nature (News & Views) 424: 263-264.
Lacalli, T.C., 2003.  A larval revelation.  Nature (News & Views) 421: 120-121.
Lacalli, T.C., 2002.  Vetulicolians – are they deuterostomes? chordates?  BioEssays 24: 208-211.
Lacalli, T.C., 2000.  Larval budding, metamorphosis, and the evolution of life‑history patterns in echinoderms.  Invert. Biol. 119: 234‑241.
Lacalli, T.C., 2001.  New perspectives on the evolution of protochordate sensory and locomotory systems, and the origin of brains and heads. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B356: 1565-1572. 
Lacalli, T.C., 1999.  Tunicate tails, stolons, and the origin of the vertebrate trunk.  Biol. Rev. 74: 177‑198 + cover illustration.
Lacalli, T.C., 1997.  The nature and origin of deuterostomes: some unresolved issues.  Invert. Biol. 116: 363‑370.
Lacalli, T.C., 1996.  Dorsoventral axis inversion: a phylogenetic perspective.  BioEssays 18: 251‑254.
Lacalli, T.C., 1995.  Dorsoventral axis inversion.  Nature 373: 110‑111.
Lacalli, T.C., 1994.  Apical organs, epithelial domains, and the origin of the chordate central nervous system. Amer. Zool. 34: 533‑541.

II. Chordate CNS organization: the amphioxus project

Bozzo, M., Lacalli, T., Ozino, V., Caicci, F., Marcenaro, E., Bachetti, T., Manni, L., Pestarino, M., Schubert, M. and Candiani, S., 2021. Amphioxus neuroglia: molecular characterization and evidence for early compartmentalization in the developing nerve cord. Glia 69: 1654-1678.
Bozzo, M., Macri, S., Calzia, D., Sgarra, R., Manfioletti, G., Ramoino, P., Lacalli, T., Vignali, R., Pestarino, M. and Candiani, S., 2017. The HMGA gene family in chordates: evolutionary perspectives from amphioxus. Dev. Gen. Evol. 227: 201-211.
Lacalli, T.C. and Candiani, S., 2017.  Locomotory control in amphioxus larvae: new insights from neurotransmitter data. EvoDevo 8: 4.
Zieger, E., Lacalli, T.C., Pestarino, M., Schubert, M. and Candiani, S., 2017.  The origin of dopaminergic systems in chordates: insights from amphioxus. Int. J. Dev. Biol. 61: 749-761.
Lacalli, T.C. and Stach, T., 2016.  Acrania (Cepalochordata).  In:  Structure and Evolution of Invertebrate Nervous Systems, (A. Schmidt-Rhaesa, S. Harzsch & G. Purschke, eds.).  Oxford: OUP, pp. 719-728. 
Lacalli, T.C., 2012.  Looking into eye evolution: amphioxus points the way.  Pig. Cell Mel. Res. 26: 162-164.  
Candiani, S., Lacalli, T.C., Parodi, M., Oliveri, D. and Pestario, M., 2008. The cholinergic gene locus in amphioxus: molecular characterization and developmental expression patterns.  Dev. Dynam. 237: 1399-1411.
Lacalli, T.C., 2008.  Head organization and the head/trunk relationship in protochordates: problems and prospects.  Integr. Comp. Biol. 48: 620-629. 
Lacalli, T.C., 2008.  Basic features of the ancestral chordate brain: a protochordate perspective.  Brain Res. Bull. 75: 319-323. 
Lacalli, T.C., 2008.  Mucus secretion and transport in amphioxus larvae: organization and ultrastructure of the food trapping system, and implications for head evolution.  Acta Zool. 89: 219-130. 
Lacalli, T.C., 2006.  Prospective protochordate homologs of the midbrain and MHB, with some thoughts on MHB origins.  Int. J. Biol. Sci. 4: 104-109. 
Wicht, H. and Lacalli, T.C., 2005. The nervous system of amphioxus: structure, development, and evolutionary significance. Can. J. Zool. 83: 122-150.
Lacalli, T.C., 2004.  Sensory systems in amphioxus: a window on the ancestral chordate condition.  Brain Behav. Evol. 64: 148-162. 
Lacalli, T.C. and Kelly, S.J., 2003.  Ventral neurons in the anterior nerve cord of amphioxus larvae I. An inventory of cell types and synaptic patterns. J. Morph. 257: 190-211.
Lacalli, T.C., 2003. Ventral neurons in the anterior nerve cord of amphioxus larvae II. Further data on the pacemaker circuit. J. Morph. 257: 212-218.
Lacalli, T.C. and Kelly, S.J., 2003. Sensory pathways in amphioxus larvae II. Dorsal tracts and translumenal cells.  Acta Zoologica 84: 1-13.
Lacalli, T.C., 2002. Sensory pathways in amphioxus larvae I. Constituent fibres of the rostral and anterodorsal nerves, their targets and evolutionary significance. Acta Zoologica 83: 149-166.
Lacalli, T.C., 2002. The dorsal compartment locomotory control system in amphioxus larvae. J. Morph. 252: 227-237.
Lacalli, T.C. and Kelly, S.J., 2002. Floor plate, glia and other support cells in the anterior nerve cord of amphioxus larvae. Acta Zoologica 83: 87-98.
Kozmik, Z., Holland, L., Schubert, M., Lacalli, T.C. and Holland, N.D., 2001.  Characterization of amphioxus Amphivent, an evolutionarily conserved marker for chordate ventral mesoderm.  Genesis 29: 172‑179.
Lacalli, T.C., 2000.  Cell morphology in amphioxus nerve cord may reflect the time course of cell differentiation.  Int. J. Dev. Biol. 44: 903‑906.
Lacalli, T.C. and Kelly, S.J., 2000.  The infundibular balance organ in amphioxus larvae and related aspects of cerebral vesicle organization.  Acta Zoologica 81: 37‑47.
Lacalli, T., Gilmour, T.H.J. and Kelly, S.J., 1999.  The oral nerve plexus in amphioxus larvae: function, cell types and phylogenetic significance.  Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B266: 1461‑1470 + cover illustration.
Lacalli, T.C. and Kelly, S.J., 1999.  Somatic motoneurones in amphioxus larvae: Cell types, cell position and innervation patterns.  Acta Zoologica 80: 113‑124.
Lacalli, T.C. and Hou, S., 1999.  A reexamination of the epithelial sensory cells of amphioxus.  Acta Zoologica 80: 125‑134.
Lacalli, T.C. and Holland, L.Z., 1998.  The developing dorsal ganglion of the salp Thalia democratica, and the nature of the ancestral chordate brain.  Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B353: 1943‑1967.
Lacalli, T.C., 1996.  Landmarks and subdomains in the larval brain of Branchiostoma: vertebrate homologs and invertebrate antecedents. Isr. J. Zool. 42 (Suppl): 131‑146.
Lacalli, T.C., 1996.  Frontal eye circuitry, rostral sensory pathways and brain organization in amphioxus larvae: evidence from 3D reconstructions.  Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B351: 243‑263.
Lacalli, T.C., Holland, N.D. and West, J.E., 1994.  Landmarks in the anterior central nervous system of amphioxus larvae.  Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B344: 165‑185.

III. Marine invertebrate larvae and larval nervous systems

Rieger, V., Perez, Y., Muller, C.H.G., Lacalli, T.C., Hansson, W.S. and Harzsch, S., 2011.  Development of the nervous system in hatchlings of Spadella cephaloptera (Chaetognatha), and implications for nervous system evolution in Bilateria.  Dev. Growth Diff. 53: 740-759.
Lacalli, T.C., 2009.  Serial EM analysis of a copepod larval nervous system: naupliar eye, optic circuitry, and prospects for full CNS reconstruction.  Arthr. Struct. Devel. 38: 361-375.
Lacalli, T.C. and Kelly, S.J., 2002.  Anterior neural centres in echinoderm bipinnaria and auricularia larvae.  Acta Zoologica 83: 99-110
Lacalli, T.C. and Gilmour, T.H.J., 2001.  Locomotory and feeding effectors of the tornaria larva of Balanoglossus biminiensis.  Acta Zoologica 82: 117‑126.
Lacalli, T.C. and West, J.E., 2000.  The auricularia‑to‑doliolaria transformation in two aspidochirote holothurians, Holothuria mexicana and Sticopus californicus.  Invert. Biol. 119: 421-432.
Lacalli, T.C., 1996.  Mesodermal pattern and pattern repeats in the starfish bipinnaria larva, and related patterns in other deuterostome larvae and chordates.  Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond B351: 1737‑1758.
Lacalli, T.C. and West, J.E., 1993.  A distinctive nerve cell type common to diverse deuterostome larvae: comparative data from echinoderms, hemichordates and amphioxus.  Acta Zoologica 74: 1‑8.
Lacalli, T.C., 1993.  Ciliary bands in echinoderm larvae: evidence for structural homologies and a common plan.  Acta Zoologica 74: 127‑133.
Lacalli, T.C., Gilmour, T.H.J. and West, J.E., 1990.  Ciliary band innervation in the bipinnaria larva of Pisaster ochraceus. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B330: 371‑390.
Lacalli, T.C. and Gilmour, T.H.J., 1990.  Ciliary reversal and locomotory control in the pluteus larva of Lytechinus pictus. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B330: 391‑396.
Lacalli, T.C., 1990.  Structure and organization of the nervous system in the actinotroch larva of Phoronis vancouverensis.  Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B327: 655‑685.
Lacalli, T.C., 1988.  The suboral complex of the Müller's larva of Pseudoceros canadensis.  Can. J. Zool. 66: 1893‑1895.
Lacalli, T.C., 1988.  The larval reticulum in Phyllodoce.  Zoomorphology 108: 61‑68.
Lacalli, T.C., 1988.  Structural correlates of photoresponse in trochophore larvae.  Can. J. Zool. 66: 1004‑1006.
Lacalli, T.C. and West, J.E., 1988.  Foregut innervation in juvenile Spirobranchus spinosus.  Can. J. Zool. 66: 1488‑1491.
Sarjeant, W.A.S., Lacalli, T.C. and Gaines, G.,1987.  The cysts and skeletal elements of dinoflagellates: speculations on the ecological causes for their morphology and development.  Micropaleontology 33: 1‑36.
Lacalli, T.C. and West, J.E., 1987.  Ciliary band formation in the doliolaria larva of Florometra.  II. Development of anterior and posterior half‑embryos and the role of the mesentoderm.  Development 99: 273‑284.
Lacalli, T.C. and West, J.E., 1986.  Ciliary band formation in the doliolaria larva of Florometra.  I. The development of normal epithelial pattern.  J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 96: 303‑323.
Lacalli, T.C. 1986.  Prototroph structure and innervation in the trochophore larva of Phyllodoce.  Can. J. Zool. 64: 176‑184
Lacalli, T.C. and West, J.E., 1985.  The nervous system of a pilidium larva: evidence from electron microscope reconstructions.  Can. J. Zool. 63: 1909‑1916.
Lacalli, T.C., 1984.  Structure and organization of the nervous system in the trochophore larva of Spirobranchus. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B306: 79‑135.
Lacalli, T.C., 1983.  The brain and central nervous system of Müller's larva.  Can. J. Zool. 61: 39‑51.
Lacalli, T.C., 1982.  The nervous system ciliary band of Müller's larva. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B217: 37‑58.
Lacalli, T.C. 1981.  Structure and development of the apical organ in trochophores of Spirobranchus polycerus, Phyllodoce maculata and Phyllodoce mucosa.  Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B212: 381‑402.
Lacalli, T.C., 1981.  Annual spawning cycles and planktonic larvae of benthic invertebrates from Passamaquoddy Bay.  Can. J. Zool. 59: 433-440.
Lacalli, T.C., 1980.  A Guide to the Marine Flora and Fauna of the Bay of Fundy:  Polychaete Larvae from Passamaquoddy Bay.  Can. Tech. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. no. 940, iv + 27 pp.
Marsden, J.R. and Lacalli, T.C., 1978.  Morphology and behaviour of the benthic larva of Arenicola cristata.  Can. J. Zool. 56: 224‑237.
Lacalli, T.C. and Marsden, J.R., 1977.  A reticulum of nerve‑like cells from trochophores of Phyllodoce mucosa.  Experientia 33: 952‑954.
Lacalli, T.C., 1977.  Remarks on the larvae of two serpulids from Barbados.  Can. J. Zool. 55: 300‑303.

IV. Pattern formation

Lacalli, T.C., 1993.  Controlling reaction‑diffusion pattern with gradients: lessons from Drosophila, and trajectories through parameter space. In: Experimental and Theoretical Advances in Biological Pattern Formation, (H.G. Othmer, P.K. Maini & J.D. Murray, eds.).  New York: Plenum Press, pp. 223‑230.
Lyons, M.J., Harrison, L.G., Lakowski, B.C. and Lacalli, T.C., 1990. Reaction‑diffusion modeling of biological pattern formation: application to Drosophila embryogenesis.  Can. J. Phy. 68: 772‑777.
Lacalli, T.C., 1990.  Modelling the Drosophila pair‑rule pattern by reaction‑diffusion: gap input and pattern control in a 4‑morphogen system.  J. Theor. Biol. 144: 171‑194.
Lacalli, T.C., Wilkinson, D.A. and Harrison, L.G., 1988.  Theoretical aspects of stipe formation in relation to Drosophila segmentation. Development 104: 105‑113.
Lacalli, T.C. and Harrison, L.G., 1987.  Turing's model and branching tip growth: relation of time and spatial scales of morphogenesis with application to Micrasterias.  Can. J. Bot. 65: 1308‑1319.
Lacalli, T.C., 1984.  Theory and experiment in morphogenetic modelling: an examination of MacWilliams' data on hydra.  Can. J. Zool. 62: 886‑892.
Lacalli, T.C., 1982.  Reaction‑diffusion models and desmid morphogenesis.  In: Developmental Order:  Its Origin and Regulation, (S. Subtelny & P.B. Green, eds.).  New York:  Alan Liss, pp. 149‑164.
Lacalli, T.C., 1981.  Dissipative structures and morphogenetic pattern in unicellular algae.  Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B294: 547‑588.
Lacalli, T.C., 1980.  Morphogenetic models for hydranth development. In: Proc 4th Int. Coelenterate Conf., Interlaken, Sept. 1979. Amsterdam: Elsevier - North Holland, pp. 373-376.
Lacalli, T.C. and Harrison, L.G., 1979.  Turing's conditions and the analysis of morphogenetic models.  J. Theor. Biol. 76: 419‑436.
Harrison, L.G. and Lacalli, T.C., 1978.  Hyperchirality: a mathematically convenient model for the kinetics of morphogenesis.  Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. B202: 361‑397.
Lacalli, T.C. and Harrison, L.G., 1978.  Development of ordered arrays of cell wall pores in desmids: a nucleation model.  J. Theor. Biol. 74: 109‑138.
Lacalli, T.C. and Harrison, L.G., 1978.  The regulating capacity of Turing's model for morphogenesis with application to slime moulds.  J. Theor. Biol. 70: 273‑295.
Lacalli, T.C., 1976.  Morphogenesis in Micrasterias.  III. The morphogenetic template.  Protoplasma 88: 133‑147.
Lacalli, T.C., 1975.  Morphogenesis in Micrasterias.  II. Patterns of morphogenesis.  J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 33: 117‑127.
Lacalli, T.C., 1975.  Morphogenesis in Micrasterias.  I. Tip growth. J. Embryol. Exp. Morph. 33: 95‑116.
Lacalli, T.C. and Acton, A.B., 1974.  Tip growth in Micrasterias.  Science 183: 665‑666.
Lacalli, T.C., 1974.  Cell wall formation and Golgi function in the Conjugales.  Can. Rev. Biol. 33: 125‑133.
Lacalli, T.C., 1974.  Composition of the primary wall in Micrasterias rotata.  Protoplasma 80: 269‑272.
Lacalli, T.C., 1973.  Cytokinesis in Micrasterias rotata:  Problems of directed primary wall deposition.  Protoplasma 78: 433‑442.
Lacalli, T.C. and Acton, A.B., 1972.  An inexpensive laser microbeam. Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 91: 236‑238.